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GIP (1-42), human
Description GIP (Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide or also known as Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide) is a 42-amino acid peptide released by the K cells of the duodenum and jejunum in response to food intake. GIP, together with GLP (Gastric-like Peptide) are members of the hormone peptide family of Incretins which stimulate insulin secretion from pancreatic islet β-cells, and also appears to promote beta cell proliferation and beta cell survival. Recent studies suggest that GIP plays a role in lipid homeostasis and possibly in the pathogenesis of obesity. (Shipping Cost: €35.00) -
Scrambled-beta-Amyloid (1-42)
Description Aß (1-40) together with Aß (1-42) are two major C-terminal variants of the Aß protein constituting the majority of Aßs. These undergo post-secretory aggregation and deposition in the Alzheimer’s disease brain. This peptide is the scrambled sequence of Abeta 1-42. (Shipping Cost: €35.00) -
Magainin 1
Description Magainins are peptide antibiotics with antibacterial and antiparasitic activities, originally extracted from the skin of Xenopus laevis. Magainin 1 and 2 are closely related peptides of 23 amino acids each and differ by two substitutions. These antimicrobial peptides have broad-spectrum, non-specific activity against a wide range of micro-organisms, including viruses, gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, protozoa, yeasts and fungi, and may also be hemolytic and cytotoxic to cancer cells. Magainin 1 is a bactericide. Both Magainin 1 and 2 exhibit inhibitory action toward Herpes simplex virus type 1(HSV-1) and HSV-2. (Shipping Cost: €35.00) -
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (1-28), human, porcine
Description A-type (Atrial) natriuretic peptide (ANP), also called Cardiodilatine (CDD), is a peptide hormone composed of 28 amino acids. It is processed from a 151aa prepro-ANP by signal peptide removal, followed by specific protease cleavage by corin of the pro-ANP. The 28a C-terminal peptide hormone contains a 17aa ring formed by a disulfide bridge between Cys7 and Cys23. and a tail. It is produced in cardiac myocytes, where it exerts vasodilating effects, hence playing an important role in the regulation of blood pressure and natriuresis/diuresis. Residues Phe8, Arg14 and the C-terminal sequence of ANP are known to bind to human NPR-A (Natriuretic peptide receptor type A). ANP is closely related to BNP (brain natriuretic peptide) and CNP (C-type natriuretic peptide), which share a similar ring structure. (Shipping Cost: €35.00) -
PACAP (1-38), amide, human, ovine, rat
Description Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), a member of the vasoactive intestinal peptide/secretin/glucagon family, has an amino acid sequence identity of 68% with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). PACAP38, derived from a 176-amino acid precursor (preproPACAP), is a 38-amino acid peptide discovered as an ovine hypothalamic neuropeptide. The amino acid sequence of PACAP is identical in all mammals, and in species such as chicken, frog, salmon, only 1–3 amino acids are different. It is abundant in both the central and peripheral nervous systems and exerts a variety of effects. PACAP in pancreatic islets may play a parasympathetic and sensory neurotransmitter role. PACAP stimulates insulin secretion from islets in a glucose-dependent manner at femtomolar concentrations, acting as an insulinotropic factor. PACAP and VIP are two multifunctional neuropeptides modulating innate and adaptive immunity. VIP/PACAP protect T cells from activation-induced cell death through d -
Magainin 2
Description Magainin 2 assumes an amphiphilic helix when bound to acidic phospholipids, forming a pore composed of a dynamic, peptide-lipid supramolecular complex. (Shipping Cost: €35.00) -
Glucagon (1-29), bovine, human, rat, porcine, Biotin-labeled
Description This is N-terminal biotin labeled Glucagon (1-29). Glucagon is a peptide hormone secreted from the pancreatic Islet of Langerhans alpha-cells, in response to low circulating blood glucose levels in order to restore normal glucose levels. It acts on hepatic enzymes that regulate glucose production and glycogen synthesis. Excessive amounts of circulating glucagon levels is implicated in the metabolic dysregulation of type 2 diabetes, since such conditions result in hyperglycaemia. (Shipping Cost: €35.00) -
VIP, human, porcine, rat
Description The 28-amino acid neuropeptide VIP (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide) is a neurotransmitter and a neuromodulator. VIP is broadly distributed in the peripheral and central nervous systems. It has an amino acid sequence identity of 68% with pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP). VIP and PACAP inhibit TNF-a, IL-1ß, IL-6, and NO production by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated microglia. Both regulate the production of proinflammatory factors at a transcriptional level by inhibiting p65 nuclear translocation and nuclear factor-kB-DNA binding. As well, VIP relaxes the smooth muscle of the respiratory, gastrointestinal and reproductive tracts, stimulates exocrine and endocrine secretion, increases the survival time of neurons, and promotes the proliferation of untransformed and cancer cells. (Shipping Cost: €35.00) -
Glucagon-Like Peptide 1, GLP-1 (7-36), amide, human, mouse, rat, bovine, guinea pig
Description GLP-1 (7-36) amide is an incretin hormone that causes glucose dependent release of insulin by pancreatic beta cells. It is the cleavage product of GLP-1 (1-36) amide peptide. Both GLP-1 (7-36) and GLP-1 (7-37) also play roles in gastric motility (gastric emptying), on the suppression of plasma glucagon levels (glucose production) and possibly on the promotion of satiety and stimulation of glucose disposal in peripheral tissues independent of the actions of insulin. GLP-1 (7-36) has a short half life of less than 2 minutes, and like GIP, is rapidly degraded by the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4), which is widely expressed in a number of sites, including the endothelial cells of small gut arterioles. DPP-4 degrades GLP-1 (7-36) into the non insulinotropic GLP-1 (9-36) (some studies suggest it may have weak insulinotropic activity). As a result, the majority of GLP-1 (and GIP) is inactivated as an insulinotrope before reaching the systemic circulation. (Shipping Cost: €35.00) -
Cecropin A Peptide
Description Cecropin A is a naturally occurring, linear, cationic, 37-residue antimicrobial peptide. Cecropin A kills bacteria by dissipating transmembrane electrochemical ion-gradients. (Shipping Cost: €35.00)