T-cell receptor (TCR), a heterodimer composed of either α and β or γ and δ chains, recognizes foreign antigens and translates such recognition events into intracellular signals that elicit a change in the cell from a dormant to an activated state. TCR recognition of self-peptides has been linked to autoimmune disease. Mutant self-peptides have been associated with tumors. Most human T cells (95%) express the α/β or either CD4 or CD8 molecule (single positive, SP), while 2-5% express the γ/δ. However, a small number of T cells lack both CD4 and CD8 (double negative, DN). T helper cells express CD4 proteins and T cytotoxic cells display CD8. Increased percentages of α/β DN T cells have been identified in some autoimmune and immunodeficiency disorders. γ/δ T cells are primarily found within the epithelium. They show less TCR diversity and recognize antigens differently than α/β T cells. Subsets of γ/δ T cells have shown antitumor and immunoregulatory activity. (Shipping Cost: €200.00)

TIA1 [2G9A10F5]

T-cell-restricted intracellular antigen-1 (TIA1), also known as nucleolysin TIA1 isoform p40, is a member of a RNA-binding protein family. It possesses nucleolytic activity against cytotoxic lymphocyte (CTL) target cells. It has been suggested that this protein may be involved in the induction of apoptosis, as it preferentially recognizes poly(A) homopolymers and induces DNA fragmentation in CTL targets. TIA1 antibody labels cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells (NK cells). It is also expressed in T-cell lymphoma, large granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukemia and hairy cell leukemia. TIA1 expression in T-cell malignancies may help in differentiating LGL leukemia (high expression) from T-cell lymphocytosis and other T-cell diseases (low expression). TIA1 may also be used to label tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in the study of immune response to malignancies.

TIA1 [2G9A10F5]