A member of this family, IDH1, is the human cytoplasmic NADP-specific enzyme. Its subcellular localization was shown to be in both peroxisomes and the cytoplasm. Although the function and structure of the protein has been well characterized, mutations in the gene have only recently been implicated in cancer after a genome-wide mutation study of giloblastomas, acute myeloid leukemias (AML) and chondrosarcomas. Mutations in IDH1 are specific to Arg132 (R132) and endow them with the function of generating 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) instead of aKG. This product alters gene transcription through effects on DNA and histone methylation. Several IDH1 mutations exist, including R132H, R132C, R132S, R132G and R132L. Each may result in different tumor type with varied malignant progression. The most frequent known mutation (>90%) is the alteration of arginine to histidine (R132H). Hence, antibodies that recognize the IDH1R132H mutation can be useful for the detection of mutation-bearing tumors like

Cytokeratin, pan [MNF116]

Cytokeratins comprise a diverse group of intermediate filament proteins (IFPs) that are expressed as pairs in both keratinized and non-keratinized epithelial tissue. Cytokeratins play a critical role in differentiation and tissue specialization and function to maintain the overall structural integrity of epithelial cells. Cytokeratins have been found to be useful markers of tissue differentiation which is directly applicable to the characterization of malignant tumors. For example, cytokeratins 10 and 13 are expressed highly in a subset of squamous cell carcinomas while cytokeratin 18 is expressed in a majority of adenocarcinomas and basal cell carcinomas.

Cytokeratin, pan [MNF116]