DNA excision repair protein ERCC6, also known as Cockayne syndrome protein (CSB), is encoded by the ERCC6 gene in human. ERCC6 is the homolog of the yeast Rad26 protein. ERCC6 belongs in the SWI/SNF family of proteins as it contains helicase motifs and ATPase activity. It is a part of a complex that contains RNA pol I, TFIIH, and XPG, all of which are active in transcription and/or DNA repair. Hence, it is an essential factor involved in transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair, which allows RNA polymerase II-blocking lesions to be rapidly removed from the transcribed strand of active genes. Upon DNA-binding, it locally modifies DNA conformation by wrapping the DNA around itself, thereby modifying the interface between stalled RNA polymerase II and DNA. It is shown to be essential for transcription-coupled repair complex formation. It recruits the CSA complex (ERCC8 complex), nucleotide excision repair proteins and EP300 to the sites of RNA polymerase II-blocking lesions. Mutat

EMA/CA15.3/MUC1/Episialin/CD227 [E29]

Mucins are a family of heavily glycosylated high molecular weight glycoproteins. Total 21 mucins have been identified to date. Mucins are well known for its involvement in the protection and lubrication of luminal epithelial surfaces. MUC1, a transmembrane mucins, has been shown to be involved in several signaling pathways, including Ras, beta-catenin, p120 catenin, p53 and estrogen receptor alpha. When MUC1 forms a complex with beta-catenin, it enters the nucleus to activate T-cell factor/leukocyte enhancing factor 1 transcription factors and gene expression. In addition, MUC1 may inhibit cell-cell and cell-stroma interactions and function as a signal transducer, participating in cancer progression. MUC1 is expressed in many types of epithelial cell in gastrointerstinal tract, lung, breast, pancreas and genitourinary tract. MUC1 is also detected in activated and unactivated T-cells. In some tumors derived from epithelial cells, MUC1 expression is associated with tumor type and invasiveness. MUC1 expression has been correlated with invasive growth of ductal carcinomas (IDC) in the pancreas and cholangiocarcinomas in the liver. MUC2 expression has been associated with the intraductal papillary mucinous tumors of the pancreas, a non-invasice carcinoma. Additionally, MUC1 antibody aids in the prediction of the aggressiveness of carcinomas of the breast, stomach, colon, ampulla of Vater and renal cell carcinoma. Strong correlation has been observed between MUC1 expression and breast cancer progression.

EMA/CA15.3/MUC1/Episialin/CD227 [E29]